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Exposition
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i£ Winters £kt Litho. Co.
ILLINOIS STA1
BSlORICAi-
The Winters Art Lithographing Company's
POPULAR PORTFOLIOS
OP THE
World's Columbian Exposition
(N« 1) GROUNDS AND PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS
(N8 2) STATE BUILDINGS
(NS 3) EORE1GN BUILDINGS
(N§ 4) LAGOONS AND ORIENTAL BUILDINGS
ILLUSTRATIONS EROA\
WATER COLOR DRAWINGS
TO BE ISSUED IN THEIR ORDER AS PLANS ARE OEEICIALLY ACCEPTED
CHICAGO
The Winters Art Lithographing Company
SUITE 1117 THE ROOKERY
THE TRADE SUPPLIED THROUGH A A\ HUNK & COMPANY 58 AND 60 WABASH AVENUE
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. 1BERAL A RTS K
TME A\ANUnACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.
* VoTABLE for its symmetrical proportions, the MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL
QJ t Arts Building is the mammoth structure of the Exposition It measures
1,688 by 788 feet ar[d covers more thaq 31 acres, being trje largest Exposition,
building ever constructed, Within, th,e building a gallery 50 feet wide ex-
tends around all four sides adding more tryan eight acres to the floor space
available for exhibits, aqd making it 40 acres iq all, Projecting from, tqis
gallery are 86 smaller galleries, 12 feet wide, from, which, visitors may sur-
vey trie vast array of exhibits aqd tqe busy scene below, "Columbia Avenue,"
50 feet wide exteqds through the mammoth, building longitudinally aqd an
Avenue of like width, crosses it at right angles at th,e center. Trie maiq roof
is of iroq aqd glass aqd arches aq area 385 by 1,400 feet aqd has its ridge 150
feet from, tr\e ground.
The Liberal Arts Building is iq the Corinthiaq style of architecture aqd
iq point of being severely classic, excels nearly all of tqe other edifices. The
long array of columqs aqd arches, which, its facades present, is relieved from
monotony by very elaborate ornamentatioq. Iq this ornamentation female
figures, symbolical of the various arts aqd sciences, play a conspicuous aqd
very attractive part.
Designs showing iq relief trie seals of tqe different States of the Unioq aqd
of various Foreigq Nations also appear iq the ornamentatioq. These, of course,
are gigantic iq their proportions. The Agricultural Building perhaps is
the only one which, has a more elaborately ornamental exterior thaq has
this colossal structure.
Tlqe exterior of trje building is covered witf\ "staff," which, is treated to
represent marble. Tr\e huge fluted columns and tr\e immense' arches are
apparently of thjs beautiful material. The graqd entrances at th,e corners of
th,e building aqd midway at tqe sides consist of lofty arches iq piers of elab-
orate desigq aqd ornamentatioq. Tqere are numerous other entrances less
imposing.
Th,e architect of tr[is gigantic building, George B. Post, of New York, has
beeq remarkably successful iq giving architectural symmetry aqd effectiveness
to tqe immense proportions with, which, he had to deal aqd his work stands as
oqe of th,e marvels of tlqe Expositioq.
Tqe building occupies a most conspicuous place iq tqe Grounds. It
faces th,e Lake, with, only lawns and promenades betweeq. Nortr\ of it is trje
United States Government Building, soutfi Vr\e Harbor aqd in-jutting
Lagooq, aqd west tqe Electrical Building aqd tqe Lagooq separating it
frorq Vr\e Wooded Island
TME GOVERNMENT BUILDING.
""""T^vELIGHTFULLY located neartl\e Lake shore, south. of th.e maiq Lagooq
J^ J aqd of tqe area reserved for tqe Foreigq Nations aqd trie several
®^^ States, arid east of tqe Woman's Building aqd of Midway Plaisance.is
the Government Exhibit Building. Mexico's Building stands just nortti
of trjat of tl^e United States, across trie Lagooq. Tqe Government Building was
designed by Architect Windrim, now succeeded by W. J. ED8ROOKE. It is classic
in style, and bears a strong resemblance to tr\e National Museum, aqd otqer
Government buildings at Washington.. It covers aq area of 350 by 420 feet, is
constructed of iroq, brick aqd glass, aqd cost $400,000, Its leading architect-
ural feature is a central octagonal dome 120 feet iq diameter and 150 feet
high., tr\e floor of which, will be kept free frorq exhibits. Th.e building
froqts to tqe west, aqd connects oq tqe nortlq, by a bridge over trie Lagooq,
witq tqe building of tqe Fisheries Exhibit.
Tqe south, half of th.e Government Building is devoted to tqe exhibits
of uqe Post-Office Department, Treasury Department, War Departrqent and
Department of Agriculture. Trie nortlq half is devoted to th.e exhibits of th,e
Fisheries Commissioq, Smithsoniaq Institute aqd Interior Department. Tt[e
State Department exhibit extends frorq trie rotunda to tlqe east end aqd that of
tqe Department of Justice frorq the rotunda to trie west end of trie building.
Trieallotment of space for tlqeseveral department exhibits is: War Department,
23,000 square feet; Treasury, 10,500 square feet; Agricultural, 23,250 square
feet; Interior, 24,000 square feet; Post-Office, 9,000 square feet; Fishery,
20,000 square feet, aqd Smithsoniaq Institute, balance of space.
Tlqe Treasury Department Exhibit is in charge of Assistant Secretary
NETTLETON. He matured tlqe plaqs wqereby tqe Mint, th^e Coast aqd tqe
Geodetic Survey, tlqe Supervising Architect of th.e Treasury, th,e Bureau of
Engraving aqd Printing, th,e Bureau of Statistics, trie Life-Saving Board, trje
Lighthouse Board and tfje Marine Hospital all f[ave made exhibits.
The authorities of the Mint show not only a complete group of the
coins made by the United States, but a numberof tlqe coins of foreigq countries.
The Supervising Architect of the Treasury shows a number of photo-
graphs of all of the public buildings of the Capital. These include
not only the buildings, but they also include the parks and reservations.
The Bureau of Engraving aqd Printing shows many new bills under
framiqg, These include a sample of every bill of every denominatioq tqat
theUnited States Government now authorizes as money.
A Life-Saving Statioq is built aqd equipped witq every appliance aqd a
regular crew goes through, all life-saving manoeuvres.
Perhaps th.e most interesting exhibit of th,e wh,ole Treasury Department
is tlqat by th-e Coast Survey. It iqcludes a huge map of th.e United States,
about 400 feet square or about th.e size of a square of city property. This
is accurately constructed plaster of paris aqd is placed horizontally oq tqe Ex-
position grounds with a hugecovering erected over it, witfigalleries aqd path-
ways oq tqe inside to allow tqe visitors to walk over tlqe whole United States
with, out touching it. This model is built oq a scale sqowing tqe exact height
of mountains, th,e depth, of th.e rivers aqd tqe curvature of trie eartlq.
The Quartermaster's Department shows lay-figure officers aqd meq of
all grades iq tqe army, mounted, oq foot, fully equipped iq tqe unifornq of
tlqeir rank aqd service.
Aside frorq tf)ese tqere are nineteen figures, showing the uniforms
worn during trie Revolutionary War aqd tqe War of 1812 aqd thirty-one figures
showing the uniforms iq tqe Mexicaq War. A novel exhibit is tlqat of a
telephone as used on tlqe battlefield. The heliograph., which, practically
annihilates distance iq tqe matter of talking, is showq iq full operatloq.
All means of army telegraphing aqd signalling with, th.e batteries, lines, cables,
bombs, torches, aqd so fortq, are showq witq great elaborateness.
Capt. Whipple, of th.e Ordnance Department, developed tr\e plaq for
aq exhibit of huge guns aqd explosives. At certaiq hours of trie day tlqere
are regular battery drills aqd loading and firing of pieces. Many of th.e
guns used are trie finest of trieir kind in th,e world.
The exhibit of the Medical Bureau occupies a hospital built especially
for its use, operated by a corps of hospital qurses aqd doctors,
Casino and Pier.
THE CASINO AND PIER.
< L_J LL visitors to trie Exposition, it is safe to say, will inspect th,e Casino and
qJ -L Pier, aqd not only inspect them,, but enjoy thoroughly th.e delights
which, they, together with, their surroundings, afford. Tqe Pier is eighty feet
wide aqd extends 1000 feet out into Lake Michigan, from, tqe easterq extremi-
ty of tfje Grand Court or avenue running from, tqe Administration Building to
t^e Lake. Along tqe shore, oq either side of t\\e Pier, are broad, beautiful
promenades, where thousands of visitors will throng in, tqs intervals of sight-
seeing in. th,e Exposition, Buildings.
From, tqe shore promenade they will walk out on, tqe Pier to tqe
beautiful Casino at trie extremity.
Tqe Casino is a composite structure, embracing nine pavilions. aqd was
planned by its architects, Burling &. Whitehouse, of Chicago, to be a repre-
sentation, of Venice, on, a small scale, iq th,e waters of Lake Michigaq. Ac-
cordingly, its architecture is of t\\e Venetiaq order. Tqe Casino is built oq
piles, aqd measures 180 by 400 feet. With, tqe exceptioq of tqe central
pavilioq, which rises to th.e height of 180 feet, th.e pavilions are two stories
high,, rising eighty feet frorq tlqe water. There is communicatioq betweeq
tqe nine pavilions, both, by gondolas aqd bridges. Completely surrounded by
water this structure, witri its fleet of boats aqd numerous water-ways, pre-
sents a decidedly Venetiaq aspect. Surrounding the central pavilioq runs a
gallery fifty-six feet wide. At trie west eqd of trie Pier stand th.e thirteeq
columqs designed by Sculptor St. Gaudens to represent th,e Thirteeq Original
States. Iq front of th,e Casino is tqe harbor for small pleasure craft.
At night this qarbor is lighted by incandescent lamps sunk beneatq tqe
surface of th,e water oq floats. Tqe material of th,e Casino is of wood aqd
tqe walls are covered with. " staff." A striking combinatioq of high, colorings
js effected. Withiq th,e pavilioqs of tqe Casino are various conveniences that
contribute to th,e comfort aqd enjoyment of visitors.
Fanned by th,e cooling breezes of th,e Lake, visitors rqay sit aqd listeq to
tqe strains of excellent music, nqay partake of light refreshrqents, may look
out upoq trie vast expanse of water aqd watcl^ tqe going aqd coming of
gaily-decorated pleasure craft, aqd tqe heavily ladeq passenger stearqers
plying to aqd fro betweeq tqe PlER aqd tqe City, or may turq shoreward
aqd survey tlqe throngs of prorqenaders along tlqe beacli, aqd tqe magqificent
array of Expositioq palaces aqd other attractions. Th,e Pier and Casino
constitute oqe of tqe rqost popular of Expositioq resorts.
AAacminery Hall.
THE MACHINERY MALL.
~\A ACHINERY HALL, of which) Peabody &. Stearns, of Bostoq, are the archi-
J *1_ tects, has beer; pronounced by many architects second only to th,e
Administration Building iri the magnificenceof its appearance. This
building measures 850x500 feet, aqd with, the Machinery Annex and Power
House, cost about $1,000,000. It is located at trie extreme south, end of the
Park, midway between the shore of Lake Michigan aqd the west line of the
Park. It is just south of the Administration Building, ar ld west aqd across
a Lagoon, from. the Agricultural Building, The building is spanned by
three arched trusses, aqd tqe interior presents tqe appearance of three
railroad traiq-houses side by side, surrounded oq all of tqe four sides
by a gallery 50 feet wide. The trusses are built separately, so that
they caq be takeq dowq and sold for use as railroad train-houses. Iq each
of these long naves there is aq elevated traveling crane running frorq eqd to
eqd of the building, for the purpose of rqovmg machinery. These platforms
are built so that visitors rqay view frorq therq the exhibits beneath- The
power for this building is supplied frorq a power-house adjoining th,e south
side of the building. The two exterior sides adjoining the Grand Court are
rich aqd palatial iq appearance.
All of the buildings oq this great plaza are designed with a vi ew t0 mak-
ing a grand background for display, aqd, iq order to confornq to the general
richness of the court aqd add to the striking appearance, the two facades of the
Machinery Hall on the court are rich with . colonnades aqd other features.
The desigq follows classical rqodels throughout, the detail being followed
frorq the renaissance of Seville aqd other Spanish towns, as being appropriate
to a Columbiaq celebratioq. Aq arcade oq the first story admits passage
around the buildings under cover, aqd as iq all the other buildings, the front
is formed of "staff" colored to aq attractive tone; the ceilings are enriched with
strong color. A colonnade with a c ^ e at either eqd forms the length betweeq
Machinery aqd Agricultural Halls, aqd iq the center of this colonnade is aq
achway leading to the Cattle Exhibit. Frorq this portico there extends a view
nearly a mile iq length dowq the Lagooq, aqd aq obelisk aqd fountaiq iq the
Lagooq forrq the southerq point of this vista.
The Machinery Annex adjoiqs Machinery Hall oq the west, aqd is
aq annex iq fact, aqd not a detached structure as at first planned, with
entraqce by subways uqder the railway tracks. The Annex covers between
four aqd five acres aqd increases the length of the Machinery building to
nearly 1,400 feet, thus reqdering it the secoqd largest of all the Expositioq
structures, the great rqanufactures building aloqe exceeding it iq size.
TME ELECTRICAL BUILDING.
to] HE Electrical Building is 351 feet wide aqd 767 feet long, tqe major
-L axis running nortl^ aqd soutq. Trie soutq front is oq trie great Quad-
rangle or Court; tqe nortri front faces trie Lagoon; t^e east front is opposite
tqe Manufactures Building, aqd tqe west faces tqe Mines Building.
Trie general scheme of tr\e plaq is based upon, a longitudinal nave 115
feet wide and 114 feet high,, crossed iri tqe middle by a transept of tqe sarqe
widtq aqd height, Tlis nave and tqe transept have a pitched roof witq a
range of skylights at tqe bottoni of th,e pitch, aqd clearstory windows. Trie
rest of trie building is covered witq a flat roof, averaging 62 feet in. height
aqd provided witri skylights.
Trie second story is composed of a series of galleries connected across
t^e nave by two bridges, with, access by four grand staircases. Tqe area of
trie galleries iri t h e second story is 118,546 square feet, or 2.7 acres.
Trie exterior walls of tqis building are composed of a continuous Corinth,-
ian order of pilasters 3 feet 6 inches wide aqd 42 feet qigq, supporting a full
entablature, aqd resting upon, a stylobate 8 feet 6 inches. Tqe total height
of trie walls from, tqe grade outside is 68 feet 6 inches.
Tqe nortli pavilion is placed between tqe two great apsidal or semi-circu-
lar projections of trie building; it is flanked by two towers 195 feet high.. Tqe
central feature is a great semi-circular window, above which,, 102 feet froni
th,e ground, is a colonnade forming aq open, loggia or gallery, commanding a
view over tine Lagooq aqd all tqe qortf[ portioq of t^e Grounds.
Th,e east aqd west central pavilions are composed of two towers, 168 feet
higlq, Iq front of tiTese two pavilions there is a great portico composed of
tlqe Corinthiaq order witri full columns.
Tqe south, pavilioq is a hemicycle or niche, 78 feet iq diameter aqd 103
feet high.. Th,e opening of this qiche is frarqed by a semi-circular arcfi, which,
is crowned by a gable or pediment with, smaller gables oq trie returns, aqd
surmounted by aq attic, tqe whole reaching th.e height of 142 feet. Iq tqe
center of this qiche, upoq a lofty pedestal, is a colossal statue of Franklin,
whose illustrious narqe intimately connects th,e early history of trie Republic
with oqe of tqe most important discoveries iq tqe phenomena of electricity.
At eacli of trie four corners of tlqe building there is a pavilioq, above
which, rises a light opeq spire or tower, 169 feet higl^. Intermediate betweeq
these corner pavilions and the central pavilions oq the east and west sides,
there is a subordinate pavilioq bearing a low, square donqe upoq aq opeq
lanterq. There are thus teq spires and four dorqes. The entablature of the
great Corinthiaq order breaks around each, of the pilasters of the four fronts,
and above eaclq pilaster iq the Attic order is a pedestal bearing a lofty rqast
for the display of banners by day and electric lights by night. Of these masts
there are iq all fifty-four.
The first story of the building is indicated iq these facades betweeq the
great pilasters of the Corinthian order, by a subordinate Ionic order, witfi full
colurqns and pilasters, forrqing aq opeq screeq iq front of the windows.
The Electricity Building has an open portico extending along the whoie
of the south, facade, the lower or Ionic order forrqing an opeq screen in front
of it. The various subordinate pavilions are treated witli windows and bal-
conies. The details of the exterior orders are richly decorated, aqd the ped-
irqents, friezes, panels and spandrils have received a decoratioq of figures iq
relief, witri architectural motifs, the general tendency of which is to illustrate
the purposes of the building.
The color of the exterior is like nqarble, but the walls of the hemicycle
and of the various porticos and loggia are highly enriched with color, the
pilasters iq these places being decorated witri scagliola and the capitals with,
rqetallic effects iq bronze.
Iq the desigq of this building it was proposed by the architects to so
devise its details and general outlines that they might be capable of providing
an electric illumination by night on a scale hitherto unknown, the flag -staffs,
the open porticos, and the towers, especially, being arranged with this in
view. Vaq Bruqt &. Howe, of Kaqsas City, are tlqe architects.
It was proposed that the herqicycle or qiche which, forms the south,
porch should have either a great chandelier or crown of lights suspended
frorq the center of the half dorqe, or should be provided witlq electric lights
masked behind the triumphal arcri which, forms the opening of the niche.
A q u ft r i u n .
the fisheries building.
— V~)ICTURED 011 the opposite page is the Fisheries Building, including the
'1(9 two smaller polygonal buildings connected witli the main building
oq either end by acades. The extreme length of the building is
1,100 feet, and the width, 200 feet. It is built on. a banana-shaped island,
aqd sub-divided into three parts to conform, to the shape of tqe site.
Iq the central portion, is the general Fisheries Exhibit. Iq one of the
polygonal buildings is the Angling Exhibit, and in. the other the Aquaria. The
exterior of the building is Spanish,-Romanesque, wh,ich, contrasts agreeably
iq appearance with, the other buildings.
The Fish, Exhibit is a wonderful oqe, and qot the least interesting portioq
of it is tqe Aquarial or Live Fisq display. This is contained in a circular build-
ing, 135 feet in diameter, standing near oqe extremity of tqe maiq Fisheries
Building and iq a great curved corridor connecting tqe two.
Iq tqe center of the circular building is a rotunda 60 feet in diameter, iq
the middle of which, is a basiq or pool 26 feet wide, from, which, rises a
towering mass of rocks covered with, moss aqd lichens, Frorq clefts aqd
crevices iq the rocks crystal streams of water gusli ar ld drop to the masses of
reeds, rushes, aqd ornamental semi-aquatic plants iq the ba;iq below. Iq
this pool gorgeous gold fishes, goldeq ides, goldeq tench,, aqd other fishes
disport. From, tqe rotuqda oqe side of the larger series of aquaria may be
viewed. These are teq iq number aqd have a capacity of 7,000 to 27,000 gal-
lons of water each,.
Passing out of tqe rotunda by the entrances, a great corridor or arcade is
reached, where on oqe hand caq be viewed the opposite side of the series of
great trqks aqd oq the other a line of tanks somewhat smaller, ranging frorq
750 to 1,500 gallons each, in capacity. The corridor or arcade is about 15 feet
wide. The glass fronts cf the Aquaria are iq length, about 575 feet aqd
have 3,000 square feet of surface. They make a panorama never before
seeq iq any exhibitioq, aqd rival the great permanent aquariums of the world
not only iq size but iq all other repects.
The total water capacity of the Aquaria, exclusive of reservoirs, is 18,725
cubic feet, or 140,000 gallons. This weighs 1,192,425 pounds, or alrqost 600
toqs. Of this amoLiqt about 40,000 gallons is devoted to the Marine Exhibit.
Iq the entire salt water circulatioq, including reservoirs, there are abot 80,000
gallons. The pumping aqd distributing plant for the Marine Aquaria is
constructed of valcanite. The pumps are iq duplicate aqd eacq has a
capacity of 3,000 gallons per hour. The supply of sea water was secured
by evaporating the necessary quantity at the Woods Holl statioq of the United
States Fish. Commissioq to about one-fifth its bulk, thus reducing both, quantity
aqd weight for transportatioq about 80 per cent. The fresri water required to
restore it to its proper density was supplied from Lake Michigaq.
Iq transporting the mariqe fishes to Chicago frorq the coast ther-e was aq
additioq of probably 3,000 gallons of pure sea water to the supply oq eacq trip
Every visitor will take a deep interest in the Fisheries Exhibit,
THE HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
3 M MEDIATELY south, of the entrance to Jackson. Park from, the Midway
Plaisance, aqd facing east oq the Lagoon., is the Horticultural Building.
Iq front is a flower terrace for outside exhibits, including tanks for
Nympheasaqd the Victoria-Regia. The froqt of the terrace, with, its low parapet
ibetweeq large vases, borders the water, aqd at its center forms a boat landing.
The building is 1,000 feet long, with, aq extreme widtq of 286 feet. The
plaq is a central pavilioq with, two eqd pavilioqs, each, connected with, the center
pavilioq by front aqd rear curtains, forming two interior courts, eacq88by 270
■feet, These courts are beautifully decorated iq color aqd planted with, orna-
mental shrubs aqd flowers. The ceqter pavilioq is roofed by a crystal dome
187 feet iq diameter aqd 113 feet high., under which, are exhibited the tallest
palms, bamboos aqd tree ferns that caq be procured. There is a gallery iq
eacq of the pavilions. The galleries of the end pavilions are designed for
cafes, the situatioq and the surroundings being particularly adapted to recrea-
tioq and refreshment. These cafes are surrounded by aq arcade oq three
sides, frorq which, charming views of the Grouqds caq be obtained.
Iq this building are exhibited all the varieties of flowers, plants, vines,
seeds, horticultural implements, etc. Those exhibits requiring sunshine and
light are showq iq the rear curtains, where the roof is entirely of glass and not
too far removed frorq the plants. The front curtains and space under the
galleries are designed for exhibits that require only the ordinary amount of
light. Provisioq is made to heat such, parts as require it.
The exterior of the building is iq "staff," tinted iq a soft warm buff,
color being reserved for the interior aqd the courts,
The cost of this building was about $400,000.
Birdseye View op Grounds and Building
M
C<^u
Columbian Exposition, Chicago. 1893.
THE WO/HAN'S BUILDING.
ENCOMPASSED by luxuriant shrubs and beds of fragrant flowers, like a
white silhoutte against a back ground of old and stately' oaks, is seen,
the Woman's Building, situated in, the north-westerq part of the Park,
separated by a generous distance from, the Horticultural Building on, the
one side, and the Illinois State Building on. the other, and facing the great
Lagoon, with, the Wooded Island as a vista. A more beautiful site could not
have beeq selected for this daintily designed building.
Amongst a great number of sketches subrqitted in. competitioq for this
building by worsen from, all over the land, it did not take the President of
the Board of Lady Managers, Mrs. Potter Palmer, long, with, her exquisite
taste, to decide upoq her choice. She quickly discovered iq the sketch, sub-
mitted by Miss Sophia G. Hayden that harmony of grouping and graceful-
ness of details which, indicate the architectural scholar, and to her was award-
ed the first prize of a thousand dollars, and also the execution of the design..
The second and third prizes were giveq respectively to Miss Lois L. Howe,
of Boston, and Miss Laura Hayes, of Chicago, both fully deserving the
honors conferred upoq them,.
Miss Hayden, who, as a pupil in. the architectural class iq the School of
Technology, iq Boston., graduated with, high, honors, immediately went to Chi-
cago and personally made the plans and elevations for the building.
Directly iq front of the building the Lagooq takes the forrq of a bay,
about 400 feet in width.. From, the center of this bay a grand landing and
staircase leads to a terrace six feet above the water. Crossing this terrace
other staircases give access totheground, four feet above, oq which., about
100 feet back, the building is situated. The first terrace is designed in artis-
tic flower beds and low shrubs, forming, together with, the creaniy-white bal-
ustrades rising frorq the water's edge, and also iq front of the second terrace,
a charming foreground for the fiqe edifice. The principal facade has aq
extreme lengthy of 400 feet,. the depth, of the building being half this distance.
Italiaq renaissance is the style selected. Its delicacy of lines is well adapted
to represent this temple for the fair sex.
The main grouping consists of a center pavilion flanked at each, end with.
corner pavilions connected iq the first story by opeq arcades iqthe curtains,
forming a shady promenade the whole length of the structure. The first
story is raised about ten feet frorq the ground line, and a wide staircase leads
to the center pavilioq. This pavilioq, forming the rqaiq triple arched entrance
with, aq open colonnade iq the second story, is finished with a low and beauti-
fully proportioned pediment enriched with a highly elaborate bas-relief. The
corner pavilions, being like the rest of the building, jwo stories high, with a
total elevatioq of 60 feet, have each, aq opeq colonnade added above the
rqaiq cornice. Here are located the Hanging Gardens, and also the committee
rooms of the Board of Lady Managers.
A lobby 40 feet wide leads into the open rotunda, 70x65 feet, reaching
through the height of the building and protected by a richly ornarqented
skylight. This rotunda is surrounded by a two story open arcade, as delicate
and chaste iq desigq as the exterior, the whole having a thoroughly Italiaq
court-yard effect, admitting abundance of light to all rooms facing this inte-
rior space, On the first floor, oq each, side of the rqain entrance and occupy-
ing the entire space of curtains, are located, oq the left hand, a model
qospital, on the right a model kindergarten, each occupying 80x60 feet.
The whole floor of the south, pavilioq is devoted to the retrospective ex-
hibit, the one oq the north,, to reforrq work and charity organization. Each of
these floors is 80x200 feet. Trie curtaiq opposite the rqaiq front contains the
library, bureau of informatioq, records, etc.
Iq the second story, above the maiq entrance and curtains, are located
ladies' parlors, committee rooms and dressing rooms, all leading to the opeq
balcony iq front, and commanding a splendid panorama of almost the entire
ground. The whole second floor of the qortlq pavilioq incloses the great
Assembly-roorq and Club-roorq. The first of these is provided with, aq ele-
vated stage, where wise words will be heard frorq pretty lips, The south,
pavilioq contains the model kitchen, refreshment rooms, reception rooms, etc.
The building is contructed of "staff," the same material used forthe rest of
the buildings, and as it stands with its mellow, decorated walls bathed in the
bright sunshine, the wonqeq of the country are justly proud of the result.
M
THE TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.
HoRMING th,e Northerq or Picturesque Quadrangle is a group of buildings
q)1 of which, trie Transportation Building is oqe. It is situated at tqe
southerq eqd of tqe west flank aqd lies betweeq trie Horticultural aqd tqe
Mines Buildings. Its axial relation is with tqe Manufactures Building on.
the east side of trie Quadrangle, tqe central feature of each, of tqe two
buildings being on. the same east arid west liqe.
Trie Transportation Building is exquisitely refined aqd simple in. archi-
tectural treatment, although, it is very ricri aqd elaborate iq detail. Iq style it
savors much, of trie Romanesque, although, to trie initiated tqe manner in which.
it is designed oq axial liqes aqd tqe solicitude showq for fiqe proportions, and
subtle relatioq of parts to each) other, will at once suggest th.e methods of
compositioq followed at tqe Ecole des Beaux Arts.
Viewed frorq trie Lagooq, tqe cupola of tqe Transportation Building will
form, trie effective southwest accent of tqe Quadrangle, while from tfjecupola
itself, reached by eight elevators, Vr\e Northerq Court, tqe most beautiful
effect of tqe entire Expositioq, may be seeq iq all its glory,
Tqe maiq entrance to tqe Transportation Building will consist of an
immense single-arch, enriched to aq extraordinary degree with, carvings, bas-
reliefs aqd mural paintings, tqe entire feature forming a rich, aqd beautiful yet
quiet color climax, for it is treated iq leaf and is called the golden door.
Trie remainder of tqe architectural compositioq falls iqto a just relatioq of
contrast with, the highly wrought entrance, and is duly quiet aqd modest
though, very broad in treatment. It consists of a continuous arcade with,
subordinated colonnade aqd entablature. Numerous minor entrances are
from, time to time pieiced iq tqe walls, aqd witq tqenq are grouped terraces,
seats, drinking fountains aqd statues.
The interior of the building is treated mucri after trie manner of a Romaq
Basilica, witq broad nave aqd aisles. Tqe roof is therefore iq tqree divisions;
th,e middle oqe rises much hjgher thaq tqe otqers, aqd its walls are pierced
to form, a beautiful arcaded clearstory. Tr^e cupola, placed exactly iq tqe
center of tf\e building aqd rising 165 feet above th,e ground, is reached by
eight elevators. These elevators will of themselves naturally forrq a part of
th,e Transportatioq Exhibit, and as they will also carry passengers to galleries
at various stages of height, a fiqe view of the interior of the building may
easily be obtained, The maiq galleries of this building, because of the
abundant placing of passenger elevators, will prove quite accessible to visitors.
Trie maiq building of the Transportation Exhibit measures 960 feet front
by 256 feet deep; frorq tqis will extend westward to Stony Island avenue, a
triangular Annex covering about nine acres, and consisting of oqe story build-
ings 64 feet wide, set side by side. Th.ere will be a railway track every 16
feet aqd all tqese tracks will ruq east aqd west. Tqese Annex buildings may
be used to exhibit aq entire freight or passenger traiq coupled up with, its
engine, It is likely tqat th,e display of locomotive engines will be quite
stupendous, for they wili all be placed eqd oq to tqe central avenue or nave
of th.e maiq building. As th,ere will probably be at least 100 engines exhibited,
and placed so as to face each, otlqer, trie perspective effect of th,e maiq avenue
will be remarkably effective. Add to th,e effect of th,e exhibits th,e architect-
ural impressioq giveq by a long vista of richly ornamented colonnade, aqd it
may easily be imagined that the interior of trie Transportation Building will
be oqe of tqe most impressive of trie Expositioq.
The exhibits to be placed iq the building will naturally include everything
of whatsoever narqe or sort devoted to the purpose of Transportatioq, aqd will
range frorq a baby carriage to a mogul engine, from a cash, conveyor to a
ballooq or carrier pigeoq. Technically, thjs exhibit will include everything
comprised iq Class G of tqe Official Classificatioq.
To assist in the placing of exhibits, a transfer railway with, 75 foot tables
will ruq the entire length, of the structure aqd immediately west of the ma q
building.
£^
THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.
' T) < popular verdict tr\e Administration Building is pronounced tr\e
Jj 9 elT l ar ld crowri of tr(e Exposition Buildings. It is located at tr-^e
^~^ west eqd of tqe great court iq tqe soutqerq part of tqe site, looking
eastward, aqd at its rear are tqe transportation facilities aqd depot. Tqe
object (T|Ost conspicuous which, will attract tqe gaze of visitors oq reaching
tqe grounds is tqe Gilded Dorrie of this great building. This great edifice
cost about $550,000. Tlie architect is Richard M. Hunt, of New York, Presi-
dent of trie Americaq Institute of Architects, to whose established reputation
it is a notable contribution- It covers an area of 250 feet square and consists
of four pavilions 84 feet square, one at eacn of tqe four angles of tqe square
aqd connected by a great central dorqe 120 feet in diameter and 220 feet in
height, leaving at tr\e center of eaclq facade a recess 82 feet wide, within,
which, are trie grand entrances to trie building. Tlqe general design is in
tine style of trie French renaissance. Th,e first great story is in trie Doric
order, of heroic proportions, surrounded by a lofty balustrade and having th,e
great tiers of trie angle of eacfi pavilion crowned witri sculpture. Tlie second
story, witri its lofty aqd spacious colonnade, is of tqe Ionic order.
Externally tqe design may be divided iq its height into three principa
stages. Trie first stage consists of tqe four pavilions, corresponding in height
with, tqe various buildings grouped about it, which, are about 65 feet high,.
Tqe second stage, which, is of tqe same height, is a continuation of tqe cen-
tral rotunda, 175 feet square, surrounded on all sides by an open colonnade
of noble proportions, 20 feet wide and 40 feet high,, with, columns 4 feet in
diameter. This colonnade is reached by staircases and elevators frorq the
four principal halls aqd is interrupted at trie angles by corner pavilions,
crowned with domes aqd groups of statuary. Trie third stage consists of tlie
base of th,e great dorqe, 30 feet in height, and octagonal in forrq, and tqe
donne itself. This great donqe is gilded, and forms a fitting crown to trie first
and second stages of tqe magnificent edifice.
Th,e four great entrances, one on eacn side of tqe building, are 50 feet
wide aqd 50 feet high., deeply recessed and covered by semi-circular arched
vaults, richly coffered. Iq tqe rear of these arches are trie entrance doors,
aqd above tqerq great screens of glass, giving light to tqe central rotunda.
Across trie face of these screens, at tlie level of tqe office floor, are galleries
of communicatioq betweeq tqe different pavilions.
Th,e interior features of this great building eveq exceed iq beauty aqd
splendor those of th.e exterior. Between every two of trie grand entrances,
and connecting tlqe intervening pavilion wiuq tlqe great rotunda, is a liall or
loggia, 30 feet square, giving access to uqe offices and provided with, broad,
circular stairways and swift running elevators. Internally, tfie rotunda is
octagonal in forrq, th,e first story being composed of eight enormous arched
openings, corresponding in size to tqe archies of trie great entrances. Above
these arches is a freize, 27 feet in widtq, tqe panels of which, are filled with,
tablets, borne by figures carved iq low relief aqd covered witq commemora-
tive inscriptions.
Above trie balcony is trie second story, 50 feet iq height. Froni trie top
of trie cornice of this story rises trie interior dorqe, 200 feet froni tqe floor,
aqd iq tqe center is aq opening 50 feet iq diameter, transmitting a flow of
light frorq tqe exterior dorqe overhead. Trie under side of tqe dorqe is en-
riched witfi deep panelings. richly moulded, aqd tqe panels are filled witq
sculpture, iq low relief, aqd immense paintings, representing tqe arts aqd
sciences. Iq size this rotunda rivals, if it does not surpass, trie rqost cele-
brated dorqes of a similar character iq tqe world.
Eacq of trie corner pavilions, which, are four stories iq height, is divided
into large aqd small offices for tqe various Departments of tine Administratioq,
aqd lobbies aqd toilet rooms. Tr[e ground floor contains, iq oqe pavilioq, the
Fire aqd Police Departments, witq cells for trie detentioq of prisoners; iq a
second pavilioq are tqe offices of tqe Ambulance Service, tr\e Physician aqo
Pharrqacy, tqe Foreign Department aqd tqe Informatioq Bureau; iq ti^e third
pavilioq, tqe Post-Office aqd a Bank, aqd iq tqe fourtfitrie offices of Public
Comfort aqd a restaurant, Trie second, third aqd fourtlq stories contaiq tqe
Board rooms, tlqe Committee rooms, trie roorqs of trie Director-General, tr)e
Departrqent of Publicity aqd Promotioq, aqd of tqe United States Col unqbian
Conqn-iission.
THE ART PALACE.
GRECIAN-IONIC iq style, this building is a pure type of the most refined
classic architecture. The building is oblong and is 500 by 320 feet, in-
tersected nortri, east, soutri aqd west by a great nave aqd transept
100 feet wide aqd 70 feet high,, at tqe intersection of which, is a great dome60
feet in diameter. The building is 125 feet to tqe top of the dorr\e, which, is
surmounted by a colossal statue of the type of famous figures of winged
victory. The transept has a clear space through, the center of 60 feet, being
lighted entirely from above.
Or) either side are galleries 20 feet wide, aqd 24 feet above the floor.
The collections of the sculpture are displayed oq the maiq floor of the nave
aqd transept, aqd on. the walls of both, the ground floor aqd of the galleries
are ample areas for displaying the paintings aqd sculptured panels in. relief.
The corners made by the crossing of the nave aqd transept are filled witq
small picture galleries.
Around the entire building are galleries 40 feet wide, forming a continu-
ous promenade around the classic structure. Betweeq the promenade and
the naves are the smaller rooms devoted to private collectionsof paintingsand
the collections of the various art schools. Oq either side of the main, building
are several one-storied annexes, divided into largeaqd smallgalleries. These
annexes are 120 by 200 feet wide.
The main, building is entered by four great portals, richly ornarr\ented
with, architectural sculpture, aqd approached by broad flights of steps. The
walls of tqe loggia of the colonnades are higly decorated witq mural paintings,
illustrating the history aqd progress of the arts. The frieze of the exterior
walls aqd the pediments of the principal entrances are ornamented with)
sculptures aqd portraits iq bas-relief of the masters of ancient art.
The general tone or color is light gray stone.
The construction, although, of a temporary character, is necessarily fire-
proof. The maiq walls are of solid brick, covered witq "staff," architecturally
ornamented, while tqe roof, floors aqd galleries are of iroq,
All light is supplied through, glass sky-lights iq iroq franqes.
Trie building is located beautifully iq the northerq portioq of the Park,
with, the south, front facing the Lagooq. It is separated frorq the Lagooq
by beautiful terraces, ornamented with, balustrades, w'tq aq immense flight
of steps leading dowq frorq the maiq portal to tqe Lagooq, where there is a
landing for boats. The nortri front faces the wide lawq aqd the group of
State buildings. The immediate neighborhood of the building is ornamented
with, groups of statues, replica ornaments of classic art, sucq as the Choriagic
monument, the "Cave of the Winds," aqd other beautiful examples of
Greciaq art. The ornamentatioq also includes statues of heroic aqd life-size
proportions.
This building cost betweeq $500,000 aqd $600,000.
Tqe Art Palace was planned iqthe World's Fair Constructioq Department
under the eye of Supervising Architect D. H. Burnham, aqd the details worked
out by Chief Designer P. B. Atwooo; the annex is substantially, iqits facade-
at least, the outliqe plaq left by the late consulting architect George W. Root.
Gallery op Tine Arts.
TME NAVAL EXHIBIT.
\ * /niQUE among the oth.er exhibits is tqat made by tlqe United STATES
\J Navy Department. It is in, a structure which,, to all outward appear-
ance, is a faithful, full-sized model of oqe of tr\e new coast-liqe battle-
ships designed by tqe Bureau of Construction and Repairs of tfie Navy
Department, aqd now being built at a cost of about $3,000,000 eacq by
Cramp & Son, Philadelphia, and tlqe Union Iron Works, San. Francisco.
This imitation Battleship of 1893 is erected ori piling oq tr^e Lake front in. tine
northeast portion of Jackson, Park. It is surrounded by water aqd has tqe ap-
pearance of being moored to a wharf. Th.e structure h.as all th.e fittings tr\at
belong to the actual ship, such, as guns, turrets, torpedo tubes, torpedo nets
aqd booms, witlq boats, anchors, chaiq cables, davits, awnings, deck fittings,
etc., etc., together with, all appliances for working tlqe same. Officers, seamen,
mechanics aqd marines are detailed by tqe Navy Department during tlqe Ex-
position,, aqd tqe discipline aqd mode of life oq our naval vessels are com-
pletely showq. Trie detail ofmeqisnot, however, as greatastlie complement
of trie actual ship. Th,e crew give certaiq drills, especially boat, torpedo aqd
guq drills, as iq a vessel of war.
Tr\e dimensions of tlqe structure are tlqose of the actual Battleship, to-wit:
length,, 348 feet aqd width, amidships, 69 feet 3 inches; from, tlqe water liqe
to tlqe topoftqemaiq deck, i2 feet. Centrally placed oq this deck is a super-
structure 8 feet high, with, a hammock bertlqing oq tlqe same 7 feet high.,
aqd above tqese are trie bridge, chart-house and tlqe boats.
At the forward eqd of trie superstructure tf[ere is a coqe-shaped tower,
called tlqe "military mast," near th,e top of which, are placed two circular
"tops" as receptacles for sharpshooters. Rapid firing guns are mounted iq
each, of tlqese tops. Tlqe Iqeight fronq tlqe water line to trie summit of this
military nqast is 76 feet, and above is placed a flagstaff for signalling.
Tqe battery mounted comprises four 13-incfi breecq loading rifle cannoq;
eight 8-inch, breeclq loading rifle cannoq; four 6-inclq breecfi loading rifle
cannoq; twenty 6-pounder rapid firing guns; six l-pounder rapid firing guns;
two Gatling-guns, and six torpedo tubes or torpedo guns. All of tlqese are
placed aqd mounted respectively as iq tqe genuine battleship.
Tlqe superstructure shows th.e cabins, staterooms, lavatories, lactrines,
mess-rooms, galley aqd fittings, mess-table for crew, lockers, berthings, etc.,
also tlqe manner iq which, officers aqd eqlisted men live, according to tlqe
rules of tlqe Navy. Oq tqe superstructure deck aqd bridge is showq tlqe
manner iq which, th,e rapid firing guns, searcr) lights, beats, etc., are handled.
Tlqe entrance to tlqe conning tower is frorq trie deck, iq which, are all appur-
tenances that tlqe captaiq qas at qis disposal wheq taking tlqe ship into battle
aqd during tlqe progress of a fight at sea,
Aq electric light plant is installed and provisioq made for heating with,
steam. Oq tqe bertlq deck are showq the various fittings pertaining to tlqe
hull, machinery and ordnance; ordnance implements, including electrical de-
vices, guq-carriage motors aqd range finders; models showing typical ships
of tlqe past and preseqt; samples of the provisions, clothing, stores aqd sup-
plies, bunting, flags, etc. ; iq short, the thousand aqd oqe things trqat go to make
up tlqe outfit of a maq-of-war.
Tl\e traditional costumes of the sailors of the Navy fronq 1775 to 1348 are
showq by janitors dressed iq those costumes.
Oq the starboard side of trje ship is showq the torpedo protectioq net,
stretching the entire length, of tqe vessel. Steanq lauqches aqd cutters ride at
the booms, and all tlqe outward appearance of a real ship of war is imitated.
Tlqe desigq forthe Naval Exhibit was conceived by Capt. R. W. Meade, U.
S. N., tlqe Naval Director, aqd member of tr\e Board of Control aqd Manage-
ment of th,e United States Government Exhisit, but th.e details of his plaq
were worked out by oqe of the leading draughtsmen of the Bureau of
Constructioq, Mr. F. W. Crogan, assisted by Mr. Middleton, draughtsmaq
frorq the office of trie Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, aqd
Lieut. E. D. Tansig, U. S. N., who were detailed by the Navy Department to
assist Capt. Meade.
Nothing of the kiqd has ever before beeq attempted at a World's Fair. The
cost of this curious aqd original building is about $100,000.
U. S. Man op Wai
THE MALL OF MINES AND MINING.
vQOCATED at the southern extrerqity of the western Lagooq or Lake, and
I* between, the Electricity and Transportation Buildings, is the Mines
J—*—' And Mining Building. The architect of this building, which is 700
feet long by 350 wide, is S. S. Beman, of Chicago. Its architecture has
its inspiration, iq early Italiaq renaissance, with, which, sufficient liberty
is takeq to invest the building with, the animation that should charac-
terize a great general Exposition There is a decided French, spirit pervading
the exterior design, but it is kept well subordinated. In plan, it is simple and
straightforward, embracing oq the ground floor spacious vestibules, restaur-
ants, toilet rooms, etc. Oq each of the four sides of the building are placed
the entrances, those of the north, and south, fronts being the most spacious
and prominent. To the right and left of each, entrance, inside, start broad
flights of easy stairs leading to the galleries. The galleries are 60 feet wide
and 25 feet high, frorq the ground floor, and are lighted oq the sides by large
windows and frorq above by a high, clearstory extending around the buildiqg.
The maiq fronts look southward oqthe great Central Court and northward
oq the westerq and rqiddle lakes and a beautiful thickly wooded island.
These principal fronts display enormous arched entrances, richly embellished
with, sculptural decorations, emblematic of Mining and its allied industries.
At each end of these fronts are large square pavilions surrqounted by low
dorqes which, mark the four corners of the building and are lighted by large
arched windows extending through the galleries.
Between the main entrance and the pavilions are richly decorated arcades
forming aq opeq loggia oq the grouqd floor and a deeply recessed prome-
nade oq the gallery floor level, which commands a fine view of the lakes and
islands to the northward and the great Central Court oq the south- These
covered promenades are each 25 feet wide and 230 feet long, and frorq therq
is had access to the building at numerous points. These loggias oq the first
floor are faced with marbles of different kinds and hues, which will be con-
sidered part of the Mining Exhibit, and so uilizted as to have marketable
value at the close of the Expositioq. The loggia ceilings will be heavily
coffered and richly decorated iq plaster and color, The ornamentatioq is
massed at the prominent points of the facade. The exterior presents a mas-
sive, though graceful appearance.
The maiq fronts are 65 feet high frorq ground to top of cornice, and the
rqain central entrances are 90 feet to apex of pediment. The long sides of
the building are treated in a simpler manner than the maiq fronts; large seg-
mental windows extend through tne galleries and are placed between the
broad piers, affording an abundance of light to the space beneath the galleries.
The two-storied portioq of the building, of which the gallery forms the
upper part, extends entirely around the structure and is 60 feet wide. This
portion is built of wood and iron combined.
The great interior space thus enclosed is one story high, 630 feet long
and 230 feet wide, with aq extreme height of 100 feet at center and 47 feet
at sides, and is spanned by steel cantilever roof trusses supported oq steel
columns placed 65 feet apart longitudinally, and 115 feet and 57 feet 6 inches
transversely, thus leaving clear space iq center of building 630 feet long, and
115 feet wide, with two side divisions, each 57 feet 6 inches wide and 630 feet
long, leaving the central space encumbered with only 16 supporting steel
posts. The cantilevers are of piq connectioq to facilitate erection. The inqer
and higher ends of the cantilevers are 46 feet apart and the space betweeq
therq is spanned by riveted steel trusses with aq elliptical chord.
These trusses are designed so as to fornq a clearstory 12 feet high, w ' l h
vertical sash extending the entire length of central space — 630 feet; said
space terrqinating at each er| d with a great glass gable setting back 60 feet
frorq front ends of building. The wide spacings of the cantilever necessitated
aq extensive system, of longitudinal perlines of the riveted lattice type.
A great portioq of the roof is covered with glass. It may be of interest
to state that the cantilever systerq as applied to roofs has not beeq used here-
tofore oq so large a scale and that the Mines Building is the only one of the
Expositioq group, excepting the large dorqes, that has steel roof trusses.
The exterior of this building, like that of all the others, will be made of
"staff,"similar to that used iq facing the recent Paris Exposition buildings. The
cost of the Mines Building is $250,000.
,»< { w
THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.
|NE of th,e most magnificent structures raised for th,e Exposition is th,e
Agricultural Building, of which. McKim, Meade & White, of New York,
are the architects. Tr\e style of architecture is classic renaissance. This
building is put up very near ti\e shore of Lake Michigan., aqd is alrqost sur-
rounded by trie Lagoons that lead into th,e Park from, the Lake, Tr\e building
is 500 x 800 feet, its longest dimensions being east atid west. Tine north,
line of th,e building is almost on, a line with, th,e Pier extending into th,e Lake,
on, which, heroic columns, emblematic of th,e Thirteen Original States, are
raised. A Lagoori stretches out along this entire front of tr\e building.
Th.e east front looks out into a harbor which, affords refuge for numerous
pleasure craft. Tine entire west exposure of trie building faces a con-
tinuation, of th,e Lagoon, that extends along th,e north side. With these pictur-
esque surroundings as aq inspiration tr\e architects have brought out designs
that have been, pronounced all but faultless. For a single story building th,e
desigq is bold aqd heroic. Tine general cornice line is 65 feet above grade.
On, either side of the main entrance are rr\ammoth, Corinthian pillars, 50 feet
high and 5 feet in diameter, On each corner and from, the center of the
building pavilions are reared, the center oqe being 144 feet square. The
corner pavilions are connected by curtains, forming a continuous arcade
around the top of the building. The main entrance leads through an open-
ing 64 feet wide into a vestibule, fronn which entrance is had to the rotunda,
100 feet in diameter. This is surmounted by a m,ammoth glass dom,e, 130 feet
high. All through the main vestibule statuary has been designed illustrative
ofthe Agricultural industry. Similar designs are grouped aboutall of the grand
entrances in the most elaborate manner, The corner pavilions are sur-
mounted by dorqes 96 feet high, and above these tower groups of statuary.
The design for these dom.es is that of three women, °f herculean proportions,
supporting a m,ammoth globe,
The Agricultural Building covers rnore than <\' ne acres, and together
with the Dairy and Forestry Buildings, which cover 1,7 and 4.5 acres re-
spectively, cost about $1,000,000,
To the southward of the Agricultural Building is a spacious structure
devoted chiefly to a Live Stock and Agricultural Assembly Hall. This
building is conveniently near oqe of the stations of the elevated railway. It
is a very handsome building and will undoubtedly be the common meeting
point for all persons interested in live stock and agricultural pursuits. On
the first floor, near the nqain entrance of the building, is located a Bureau of In-
formation, in charge of attendants, who furnish visitors with all necessary infor-
mation in regard to the Assembly Hall and the main Agricultural Building as
well as other features of the Exposition. This floor also contains suitable
committee and other rooms for the different live stock associations of every
character, where such associations can meet and have their secretaries in
constant attendance, thus affording this important industry ample headquar-
ters near the Live Stock Exhibit and the Agricultural Building. On this floor
there are also large and handsomely equipped waiting-rooms for ladies,
lounging-rooms for gentlemen and ample toilet facilities. Broad stairways
lead from, the first floor into the Assembly-rooni, which has a seating capacity
of about 1,500. This Assembly-roonn furnishes facilities for lectures delivered
by gentlemen eminent in theirspecial fields of work, embracing every interest
connected with Live Stock, Agriculture and allied industries.
Taken in. connection with the exhibits, this feature makes that part of the
Exposition devoted to Live Stock, Agriculture and the Dairy a complete show-
ing of the most advanced progress in these brancnes of industry. In
the Assembly-roonn the most approved theories will be advanced and ex-
plained. Oq the grounds and in the Agricultural and Dairy Buildings
will be the best illustrations of what can be accomplished when these
theories are put into practice.
The entire second floor of the Assembly Hall is given U P t0 committee
rooms and rooms for headquarters for each and all of the different farmers'
organizations in existence in this country.
Such a building was never erected at any Exposition and its construction
here shows that the Board of Directors purposed affording every desirable
facility that they could furnish to aid the great Live Stock and Agricultural in-
terests.
lUII [)IN(i .
ILLINOIS J
HISTORICAL
BALLOON OR BIRDSEYE VIEW.
Wt
(SEE THE TWO
ONDERFULLY beautiful is the picture presented by the BirdseyeView
of the Exposition Grounds aqd Buildings. Whether from. tr\e dome
of trie Administration Building or frorri a captive balloon., th.e visitor will be
amply repaid in. looking down upon. th.is magnificent array of graceful and im-
posing edifices an.d vast expanse of Park. Spread out beneath, hirri lie more
than. 600 acres fronting on. Lake Michigan.— oqe of the grandest of inland seas—
and containing scores of great structures which, embody th.e best cenceptions
of America's greatest architects.
In. th.e northerri portion of tine grounds h.e may see a picturesque group of
buildings, forty or fifty of them., constituting a veritable village of palaces.
Here ori a hundred acres or more, beautifully laid out, stared trie buildings of
Foreign. Nations aqd of a number of the States of the Union., surrounded by
lawns, walks and beds of flowers and shrubbery, These are ranged on. wide
curving avenues and constitute on.e of trie most interesting portions of th.e en-
tire Exposition. In tlie western part of trie group stands th.e Illinois Building,
severely classic in style, with a donne in th.e center and a great porch facing
southward. In thjs portion of trie Park, too, stands th.e Fine Arts Building, a
magnificent palace costing half a million. Just south, of th.e Foreign and State
buildings may be observed a considerable expanse of th.e Lagoon, with, inlet to
the Lake, and encompassing three islands, On the largest one stands th,e United
States Fisheries Building, flanked at each, end by a curved arcade connecting
it with, two polygonal pavilions in which, aquaria and tlie tackle exhibit are dis-
played. A little farther south, across an area of th.e Lagoon, is the United
States Government Building. On tne Lake snore east of its building, and in
part in tne intervening space, th.e Government shows a gun battery, life-
saving station complete with apparatus, a lighthouse, war balloon, and a full
size model of a $3,000,000 Battleship of tne first class.
To trie southward of trie Government Building stands th,e largest of
trie Exposition structures, tr\at of MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS. Sur-
rounding th.is on all sides is a porcri tw0 stories in height, affording a de-
lightful promenade and a view of tne grounds and buildings generally.
A little farther soutri extending 1,000 feet into th.e Lake is th.e Pier, which
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affords a landing place for trie Lake steamers, and encloses a harbor. This
harbor is bounded on tne east far out in th.e Lake by tne beautiful facade
of tne Casino, in whose free space crowds of men ar ld women, protected by
ceiling of gay awnings, look east to th.e Lake and west to tne long vista between
th.e main edifices as far as trie gilded dom.e of tne Administration Building.
Tne first notable object in tr\is vista is the colossal Statue of Liberty rising out
of th.e Lagoon at 'h e point where it enters trie land, protected by moles which
carry sculptured columns emblematic of th,e Thirteen Original States of th.e
Union. Beyond this lies a broad basin frorri which, grassy terraces and broad
walks lead on tlie north to the south elevation of the enorrrious Main Building,
and on tlie south to tne structures dedicated to Agriculture, Live Stock,
Forestry and trie Dairy industry.
Frorn trie Pier extending westward across trie Park, is a long avenue or
court, several hundred feet wide, affording a view of almost unparalleled
splendor. All down this Grand Avenue, encompassing a beautiful sheet o f
water, stand imposing buildings along th.e majestic facades of which, sweeps
th.e gaze of th.e visitor until it rests on tne Administration Building nearly a
mile distant. West of th.e Agricultural Buiding stands Machinery Hall,
which, is its equal in size and is especially rich ^architectural lines and details.
To tne northward of th.e Administration Building on either side and
facing th.e Grand Avenue stand two more immense buildings, one for trie
Electrical and th.e other for trie Mining Exhibit.
Near by is trie Wooded Island— a delightful gern of primitive nature, in
striki ng contrast witri trie elaborate productions of human skill which, surround it,
In tne southwestern portion of tne grounds th.e spectator observes trie
great depots, tlie numerous railway tracks and tne rapid coming and going
of tine trains taking visitors to and frorn the Grounds. To th.e northward is trie
great Transportation Building, and still farther on stands the Horticul-
tural Building, which, is one of the most beautiful of th.e many beautiful
edifices. Farther norm, still is the Woman's Building, and to the westward of
it are the Bazars of all Nations and a various collection of structures and
attractions of a semi-private character, all interesting to the visitor.
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